![]() Phylotype II strains are further subclassified into IIa and IIb. ![]() The RSSC has been classified into four different phylotypes, reflecting its geographic origin, namely phylotype I, II, III, and IV strains, originating from Asia, America, Africa, and Indonesia, Australia, and Japan, respectively. In recent literature, the main classification used has been the phylotype distinction, because it provides evolutionary relationships and is based on the similarities in the DNA sequences of the 16S-23S internally transcribed spacer region, besides the hypersensitive response and pathogenesis B ( hrpB), endoglucanase ( egl), and mutator S (mutS) genes ( Guidot et al., 2007 Remenant et al., 2010). solanacearum species complex (RSSC) has been very dynamic over the years. For these reasons, it was ranked as the second most important bacterial phytopathogen in molecular plant pathology worldwide ( Mansfield et al., 2012).Ĭlassification of the genetically diverse R. The disease, commonly known as bacterial wilt or brown rot, has been reported in more than 65 countries, affecting more than 200 plant species from over 50 botanical families, among which various solanaceous crops, such as tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) and potato ( Solanum tuberosum) and a wide range of ornamentals ( Mansfield et al., 2012 European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, 2023). Ralstonia solanacearum is a bacterial phytopathogen that poses serious threats to agriculture due to its broad host range and its worldwide distribution. Data obtained by such complementary methods provide crucial information to comprehend the entire function of the effectome and will eventually lead to a better understanding of the phytopathogen, opening opportunities to tackle it.ġ. By means of the phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) as a case study, the current advances of these methods will be explored, alongside the progress made in understanding effector biology. Such approaches include host localization studies, virulence screenings, biochemical activity assays, and large-scale omics, such as transcriptomics, interactomics, and metabolomics, among others. Here we look at the different approaches that are used to functionally characterize a T3E. ![]() The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a well-studied pathogenicity determinant of many bacteria through which effectors (T3Es) are translocated into the host cell, where they exercise a wide range of functions to deceive the host cell’s immunity and to establish a niche. 3iRIP Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.2Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.1Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.Joren De Ryck 1,2,3, Petra Van Damme 3 and Sofie Goormachtig 1,2 *
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